Question 1
What is statistics? Statistics is collecting, measuring, analyzing, and communicating data. There are two types of statistics, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Lind, Marchal, & Wathen, 2011). Statistics are applied in different situations. This paper will describe the role statistics has in making business decisions. This paper will also provide examples of situations in which statistics are applied.
Types of Statistics
Lind, Marchal, and Wathen define statistics as “The science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions (Lind, et al., 2011, p. 5). In statistics there are two types, descriptive and inferential statistics. First, descriptive statistics is the informative organization, summarization, and presentation of data. The second type of statistics is inferential statistics. Inferential statistics is also called statistical inference, is “the methods used to estimate a property of a population on the basis of a sample” (Lind, et al., 2011 p. 7).
Statistic Examples
One example of statistics in a situation is when starting a weight loss program. To measure the progress of the weight loss over time the individual would measure their weight on the same day and time every week then plot the results on a chart for six months. Another example is in baseball. In baseball batter statistics is used to see the probability of hitting certain types of the pitches and rather the batter can hit a homerun. A third example is when network channels use inferential statistics to determine when to cancel a program. The networks gather data samples of the viewers’ preferences. The ratings of the viewers’ program preference are in turn used to determine which programs are canceled.
Conclusion
In conclusion, statics was defined as the collection, measurement, analysis, and communication of data. The two types of statistics, descriptive and inferential statistics were also defined. Finally, three examples weight loss measurement, baseball hits, and program ratings were presented to provide situations were statistics were applied.
Question 2
Briefly describe the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
Question 3
Explain two ways in which descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
Question 4
Which type of statistics is used to examine the characteristics of samples?
A. descriptive statistics
B. inferential statistics
C. parametric statistics
D. normative statistics
Question 5
Discuss the differences between statistics as numerical facts and statistics
Question 6
Which of the following refers to when a researcher gathers data from a sample and uses the statistics generated to reach conclusions about the population from which the sample was taken? inferential statistics holistic statistics conclusive statistics descriptive statistics is the answer for this DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Question 7
In the following question, identify which choices would be considered inferential statistics and which would be considered inferential statistics.
1. of 500 randomly selected people in New York city, 210 people had O+ blood. a) “42 percent of the people in NYC have O+ blood” Is the statement descriptive statistics or inferential statistics?
b) “58 percent of the people in NYC do not have type O+ blood” Is the statement descriptive statistics or inferential statistics?
c) “42 percent of all people living in NY state have type O+ blood” Is the statement descriptive statistics or inferential statistics?
Question 8
Nielsen Media Research provides two measures of the television viewing audience: a television program rating, which is the percentage of households with televisions watching a program, and a television program share, which is the percentage of households watching a program among those with televisions in use. The following data show the Nielsen television ratings and share data for the Major League Baseball World series over a nine-year period (Associated Press, October 27,2003)
Rating 19171714 16 12 15 12 13
Share 32 28 29 24 26 20 24 20 22
Question 9
Suppose a statistics instructor believes that there is no significant difference between the mean class scores of statistics day students on Exam 2 and statistics night students on Exam 2. She takes random samples from each of the populations. The mean and standard deviation for 35 statistics day students were 75.86 and 16.91. The mean and standard deviation for 37 statistics night students were 75.41 and 19.73. The “day” subscript refers to the statistics day students. The “night” subscript refers to the statistics night students. A concluding statement is:
a. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that statistics night students' mean on Exam 2 is better than the statistics day students' mean on Exam 2.
b. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that the statistics day students' mean on Exam 2 is better than the statistics night students' mean on Exam 2.
c. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant difference between the means of the statistics day students and night students on Exam 2.
d. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant difference between the means of the statistics day students and night students on Exam 2.
Question 10
6.32 The method of instruction in college and university applied statistics courses is changing. Historically, most courses were taught with an emphasis on manual calculation. The alternative is to employ a computer and a software package to perform the calculations. An analysis of applied statistics courses investigated whether the instructor’s educational background is primarily mathematics (or statistics) or some other field. The result of this analysis is the accompanying table of joint probabilities. Statistics Course Emphasizes Manual Calculations Statistics Course Employs Computer and Software Mathematics or statistics education .23 .36 Other education .11 .30 a. What is the probability that a randomly selected applied statistics course instructor whose education was in statistics emphasizes manual calculations? b. What proportion of applied statistics courses employ a computer and software? c. Are the educational background of the instructor and the way his or her course is taught independent?
Question 11
discuss the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. In your post, explain three measures used in descriptive statistics and three tests used in inferential statistics.
Question 12
1. Descriptive statistics are useful because, in most cases, a large data set cannot be evaluated in its entirety. a. True b. False
2. Statistics is useful in some cases but is not applicable in many elements of society such as economics, government, and law. a. True b. False
3. The purpose of statistics includes each of the following except: a. Analyze data b. Draw meaningful inferences that lead to improved decisions c. Summarize data d. All of the above are related to the purpose of statistics
4. Statistical analysis is employed to ensure 100% precision in results. a. True b. False
5. Descriptive statistics are measures that describe: a. A sample of data b. A parameter of data c. A multifaceted data set d. A single recurring event
6. The use of statistical methods to draw conclusions about a population based on information obtained from a sample is called: a. Descriptive statistics b. Universal statistics c. Analytical statistics d. Inferential statistics
7. Descriptive statistics are useful to forensic accountants because: a. Engagements normally examine data that are accumulated for a specific purpose and are not randomly generated b. Engagements always use data sets created by random sampling c. Inferential statistics do not meet the sufficient relevant data criteria d. None of the above are reasons forensic accountants primarily use descriptive statistics
Question 13
1) The main purpose of descriptive statistics is to
A. summarize data in a useful and informative manner
B. make inferences about a population
C. determine if the data adequately represents the population
D. gather or collect data
2) The general process of gathering, organizing, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting data is called
A. statistics
B. descriptive statistics
C. inferential statistics
D. levels of measurement
3) The performance of personal and business investments is measured as a percentage, return on investment. What type of variable is return on investment?
A. Qualitative
B. Continuous
C. Attribute
D. Discrete
QUESTION TITLE: - QNT 351 SOLUTION GUIDE
Question 14
41. What type of variable is the number of gallons of gasoline pumped by a filling station during a day?
A. Qualitative
B. Continuous
C. Attribute
D. Discrete
42. The performance of personal and business investments is measured as a percentage, “return on investment”. What type of variable is “return on investment”?
A. Qualitative
B. Continuous
C. Attribute
D. Discrete
43. What type of variable is the number of robberies reported in your city?
A. Attribute
B. Continuous
C. Quantitative
D. Qualitative
44. What type of variable is the number of auto accidents reported in a given month?
A. Interval
B. Ratio
C. Continuous
D. Discrete
45. The names of the positions in a corporation, such as chief operating officer or controller, are examples of what type of variable?
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative
C. Interval
D. Ratio
46. What type of variable is “pounds of popcorn” served at a movie theater?
A. Interval
B. Ratio
C. Discrete
D. Continuous
47. The final rankings of the top 20 NCAA college basketball teams are an example of which level of measurement?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
48. Your height and weight are examples of which level of measurement?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
49. Shoe style is an example of what level of measurement?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
50. The general process of gathering, organizing, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting data is called
A. Statistics.
B. Descriptive statistics.
C. Inferential statistics.
D. Levels of measurement.